Lub qab nthab tiaj tiaj hauv ib chav tsev yog qhov tsis tshua nyiam. Ntau yam tsis zoo ntawm cov paib, lawv qhov kev sib txuas tsis zoo, qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov siab yog qhov teeb meem loj thaum kho. Txhawm rau tiv nrog cov kev tsis txaus ntseeg no, yuav tsum muaj kev pab tshaj lij. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog ib txwm ua tau thiab tsim nyog los them rau cov kev pabcuam kim. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev tiav, uas koj tuaj yeem npog qhov tsis xws luag ntawm koj tus kheej. Ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog cov vuas vov qab nthab - cov khoom zoo nkauj, lub teeb yuag thiab pheej yig. Nrog nws, koj tuaj yeem tsim lub du thiab ntxim nyiam tiav uas yuav zoo siab rau koj rau xyoo. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav soj ntsuam hauv kev nthuav dav cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau hom ntawm cov khoom siv no, qhia koj li cas los laij cov nyiaj uas yuav tsum tau, thiab piav qhia seb yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhawm rau cov vuas vov qab nthab.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Cov vuas vov qab nthab yog tsim tawm los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis siab, uas tso cai rau ua kom muaj txheej txheem zoo thiab ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom. Nws muaj ntau yam zoo, suav nrog:
- ntau yam zoo - cov khoom sib txawv hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, hom, hom, qauv, qauv thiab xim. Tuaj yeem qog cov ntoo, daim iav, hlau, ntaub, tawv;
- dav tsim tau - koj tuaj yeem tshooj thiab muab cov khoom tso rau hauv ntau txoj hauv kev;
- ntau hom duab - ntxiv rau ntawm tus qauv, muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv rau cov vuas tsim qauv, uas tso cai rau koj los ua lub ntsej muag tshwj xeeb hauv txhua qhov style, coj mus rau hauv tus account cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub qab nthab;
- lub luj qis - tso cai rau koj siv cov kua nplaum rau txhawm rau;
- yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa - txawm tias tsis yog tus kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem lis nws, thiab nws muaj peev xwm los ua nws ib leeg;
- zoo cua sov rwb thaiv tsev - qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj no;
- lub suab insulating lub zog - nyiaj tau zoo rau tau txais kev tshem tawm ntawm lub suab nrov ntxiv;
- muaj peev xwm ntawm cov xim muaj xim;
- ntau cov khoom muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau hauv txhua lub tsev khaws khoom lag luam;
- tus nqi qis - muaj rau feem coob ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom;
- haum txig rau sab hauv ntawm txhua chav hauv tsev. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog nyob hauv chav nyob, kawm, chaw zov me nyuam, chav pw, chav ua noj, txoj kev hauv tsev, chav dej, tso zis tso quav. Ntau yam khoom pub koj xaiv qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau txhua qhov chaw.
Ntxiv mus, hom kev ua tiav no nws muaj nws qhov tsis zoo:
- cov khoom siv feem ntau xav tau ntsuas vim tias nws yuav tsis zoo ib yam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa yuav raug ncua sijhawm;
- qee hom vuas yog qhov puas heev thiab tuaj yeem tawg. Qhov no ua rau muaj qhov nce ntawm qhov feem pua ntawm tsis lees paub thiab qhov nce ntawm tus nqi kho;
- kom cov pobzeb tsis txawv txav, rau txhua hom khoom siv nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum ua tib zoo xaiv hom kua nplaum;
- yog tias kua nplaum ntws tawm ntawm sab xub ntiag, nws yog feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm nws tag nrho yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau sab. Peb pom zoo kom sib sau kom zoo li sai tau;
- cov vuas los ntawm cov qhov ntxeem tau tuaj yeem ntsws thaum cov kua nplaum siv thiab cia nws tawm.
Cov hom vuas qab nthab
Qhov ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv no yog qhov txaus nyiam. Ntau hom sib txawv raws cov qauv, tsim qauv, ntom thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Yas
Cov pobzeb yas yog ruaj thiab lub teeb yuag, yooj yim ntxuav thiab ntxuav. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog cov khoom siv rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab thim mus rau hauv qab lub hnub, vim li ntawd nws zoo dua tsis txhob siv nws rau hauv cov chav pom kev zoo xws li chav nyob lossis chaw zov me nyuam. Tab sis rau chav dej nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw noo, lub pobzeb no yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nws yuav tsis nqus dej thiab tuaj yeem muab ntxuav tau yooj yim yam tsis ua kom cov pwm tsis ua mob. Cov vuas zoo li no yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau kev ua tiav lub qab nthab hauv chav ua noj, chav dej, pantry thiab txawm tias txoj kev hauv tsev.
Cov vuas yas muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tseem ceeb zoo:
- tus nqi pheej yig - cov thev naus laus zis tau ua rau nws ua tau kom txo tau tus nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem yas kev tsim khoom, yog li ntawd, cov vuas PVC yog qhov sib tw ntau hauv kev ua lag luam rau cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws;
- installation ceev - qhov haujlwm yog yooj yim sai li sai tau, yog li ntawd nws tau nqa tawm sai li sai tau;
- tso cai rau koj los ua tus tsim tshwj xeeb dhau los ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa txawv txawv ntawm lub qab nthab thiab ua ke ua ke cov duab sib txawv;
- Kev nruj ntawm cov khoom tso cai koj tsis tas yuav ntshai txoj kev tsim cov kab mob fungus, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb rau chav dej;
- kev nyiam huv - cov khoom tso dag tsis ntshai dej, tshuaj tua kab thiab tshuaj ntxuav tu, yog li ua kom huv si tsis yooj yim kiag li.
Extruded
Nws yog cov khoom siv uas kim tshaj plaws ntawm txhua hom ntawm cov vuas qab nthab. Nws yog tsim tawm los ntawm nias nrog ib txheej txheej tiv thaiv hauv daim ntawv ntawm zaj duab xis lossis tha xim. Cov nplais muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tsis pub tshaj 3 hli. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog qhov ruaj khov. Cov cladding muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam xim thiab qauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv rau cov khoom uas qog cov ntaub ntawv ntuj - ntoo, marble, granite xim. Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov khoom laminated nrog ib zaj duab xis yog hermetically kaw, yog li nws tuaj yeem ntxuav nrog xab npum. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov khoom siv tuaj yeem siv tau zoo hauv qhov chaw ntub dej ntawm chav dej thiab hauv chav ua noj, qhov twg lub qab nthab txuas ntxiv los ntawm chav, roj thiab hmoov av. Raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov neeg siv, qhov no yog hom nrov tshaj plaws ntawm nthab pobzeb niaj hnub no.
Ua npuas ncauj
Qhov thib ob lub npe ntawm cov nplais ua npuas dej yog ntaus thwj. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev nias. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, nws muaj cov qauv nyem ntawm sab xub ntiag, uas tseem yog khij tawm siv ib tug nias. Cov vuas luaj tau qhov xoob xoob, qhov ntxig ntxig thiab qhov chaw ntxeem tau. Vim tias qhov no, nws tsis tuaj yeem ntxuav thiab ntxuav nws kom zoo. Lub pores sau nrog av dhau sijhawm thiab xim ntawm cov khoom ploj mus. Tsuas yog txoj kev cawm seej rau cov pobzeb zoo li no tuaj yeem tsuas, uas yuav tsum tau ua tiav siv cov xim pleev xim rau dispersed acrylic. Dej raws qauv yuav tsis ua hauj lwm hauv qhov no.
Tus txheej txheem xoob tsis muab cov khoom nrog lub zog txaus. Xws li cov vuas tsoo thiab tawg yooj yim, yog li nws nyuaj rau txiav lawv kom raug. Cov kab npoo yuav tsum tau muab zais hauv qab lub rooj tsavxwm skirting. Koj yuav tsum yuav cov khoom lag luam nrog lub npoo, txij li cov vuas zoo li yog pheej yig thiab yuav tsis ntaus koj cov peev nyiaj.
Kev Txhaj Tshuaj
Thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov vuas txhaj tshuaj, cov pwm raug siv, uas polystyrene ua npuas dej yog sintered. Vim tias qhov no, cov khoom tshwm sim tau muaj ntau dua ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog lub thwj cim stamped. Lub thickness ntawm xws li nplais yog los ntawm 9-14 mm.
Qhov zoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj
- Lawv muaj lub suab nrov zoo thiab lub zog rwb thaiv tsev kub.
- Cov npoo ntawm cov khoom yog qhov ua tau zoo, vim qhov nqaws ntawm txheej txheej tsim los ntawm lawv yog xyaum tsis pom.
- Qhov ntsuas tsis tas yuav tsis muaj vim tias nws muaj qhov ntev thiab qhov txawv ntawm qhov txawv.
Nrog txhua qhov zoo, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov khoom nqus tau nqus dej raws li cov qauv dhau los, thiab nws qhov tsis yooj yim tsis pub nws tiv taus txawm tias kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab me.
Los ntawm ntug hom
Cov npoo ntawm cov vuas qab nthab tuaj yeem ua qhov sib txawv. Nws nyob ntawm seb qhov ua tiav cladding yuav zoo li cas.
Muaj cov qauv nyob rau hauv uas lub edging yog tau:
- nrog tusyees txiav ncaj npoo tsis muaj chamfer. Thaum txhim kho cov khoom siv ntawd, cov pob qij txha yuav ua kom pom tsis tau. Qhov no thiaj li yog sib foob pobzeb;
- nrog cov npoo ntshiab los yog thav ntawv - ua qauv txheej xim zoo nkauj;
- nrog cua tsis sib luag txoj kab sib xyaw - ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim qauv kos duab uas tso cai rau koj los tsim cov khoom qub thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lub qab nthab.
Txawm hais tias hom dab tsi ntawm kev ua kom tiav, txoj kev teeb tsa ua kom zoo li qub.
Los ntawm kos duab
Niaj hnub no cov khoom raug tsim tawm hauv qhov loj loj ntawm cov qauv thiab tsim. Muaj cov khoom nrog:
- qauv hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov duab geometric lossis kab laconic;
- ua piv txwv paj;
- qog ntawm lace;
- kev tsim dai, hauv qab plaster stucco molding;
- qog ntawm cov ntoo, ntuj pob zeb, xyoob nyom;
- yees duab luam ntawv - nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov los kho lub qab nthab nrog cov vuas piav qhia lub ntuj nrog huab.
Cov vuas tsis luam ntawv yog qhov nruab nrab. Nws tuaj yeem raug siv los ua cov khoom ywj siab los yog ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem los yog pleev xim. Txoj kev xav me me thiab koj yuav tau txais ib qho zoo nkauj, stylish, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - ib lub qab nthab tshwj xeeb.
Muab xam los ntawm cov yuav tsum muaj ntawm cov vuas
Tom qab koj tau txiav txim siab raws li hom khoom siv thiab nws cov qauv tsim, koj yuav tsum xam tus lej yuav tsum muaj cov vuas. Yog li koj yuav pom ntau npaum li cas cov khoom siv yog xav tau los npog thaj chaw. Peb pom zoo kom yuav cov vaj huam sib luag nrog lub npoo thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab tsis lees txais cov khoom. Cov vuas luaj yuav muaj cov fab, muaj npoo. Thaum ua kom ncaj thiab phim, koj tuaj yeem ua yuam kev, thiab tom qab ntawd ces yuav tsis muaj cov khoom siv txaus. Kev yuav khoom ntxiv rau ib qho khoom hauv khw yuav tsis yog ib txoj kev zoo tawm - nws yog qhov ua tau tias nws yuav yog los ntawm cov pob ntau thiab nws yuav tsis zoo ib yam rau ib qho khoom ua ntej. Yog li, koj yuav tsum yuav qhov khoom li 10-15% ntxiv.
Qhov muab xam yog tsim raws li hauv qab no:
- Lub qab nthab yog ntsuas thiab nws cheeb tsam yog xam.
- Thaj chaw hauv qab nthab tau muab faib los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm ib pobzeb thiab qhov yuav tsum muaj pes tsawg tus cladding tau txais.
Xaiv kua nplaum
Qhov kawg tshwm sim ntawm tiling nyob tsis tau tsuas yog nyob ntawm kev xaiv ntawm cov vuas, tab sis kuj tseem nyob ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov nplaum. Nws yuav tsum tiv taus kev ya raws thiab ntsuas kub hloov.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb los txiav txim siab thaum xaiv cov nplaum:
- Nws yuav tsum tsis yog los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj, uas yuav pib rhuav tshem cov khoom uas twb tau thaum ua ntawv thov rau cov nplais. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kua nplaum zoo li no muaj cov tshuaj lom uas cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum yog raws dej.
- Cov nplaum nplaum ntawm qhov sib tov yuav tsum yog nyob ntawm qhov tsim nyog. Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav tsis ua haujlwm zoo los kho cov vuas ntawm pob zeb ua tiav lossis putty-coated puag.
- Nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov kua nplaum tuab. Nws yuav tuav lub panels, tiv thaiv kom lawv swb ntawm swb. Thaum siv cov kua tsim, koj yuav tsum tos ib pliag, tso cai rau lawv kom tuab me ntsis. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd thiaj tuaj yeem ua cov qab nthab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub sijhawm tsis siv sijhawm li lub sijhawm thiab cov txheej txheem tau qeeb dua li tau npaj tseg.
- Tsis txhob siv cov khoom lag luam nrawm. Cov nplais yuav tsum tau kho thiab yuav tsum muaj sijhawm rau qhov ntawd. Txwv tsis pub, qhov tsis muaj tseeb tsis tuaj yeem kho.
Kev npaj hauv paus
Ua ntej koj pib pib gluing cov vuas, koj yuav tsum npaj lub hauv paus ntawm qab nthab.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum rhuav tshem tag nrho cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo, de-energize lub cable thiab ntxig rau cov xov hlau. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov qub tiav, thiab qhov no yuav tsum tau ua nrog lub zog tu.
Kev xaiv ntawm txheej txheem tu tshuab yog tsim raws li cov khoom yuav raug rhuav tshem.
- Kev ntxuav hniav dawb - koj yuav tsum tau ntxuav nws tawm uas yog siv dej huv. Nws yuav txaus ua li 2-3 zaug no.
- Putty lossis zoo nkauj plaster - pre-moisten nrog dej thiab tshem nrog ib tug ntse hlau scraper.
- Qab nthab vuas - peb rhuav tawm nrog scraper, peb ntxuav cov chaw nrog cov seem ntawm cov vuas thiab kua nplaum.
- Phab ntsa - moisten nplua nuj nrog dej sov thiab tawm mus rau tag nrho saturate. Txau nrog dej los ntawm lub taub ntim tshuaj tsuag kom tsis tu ncua kom tsis txhob muaj txheej saum toj kom qhuav. Tom qab ntawd, tshem cov khoom ntub nrog lub scraper, tsis muaj ntawv lossis kua nplaum hais.
- Roj pleev xim. Nws yuav tsum tau muab tua pov tseg, txwv tsis pub muaj nplaum zoo yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Peb siv cov ntawv scraper, siv laum nrog qhov kub ntxhov ua ke lossis pickaxe.
- Dej emulsion. Yog hais tias qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis muaj zog raug ntxuav tawm nrog dej, zoo li tshuaj ntxuav hniav dawb, tom qab ntawd cov uas muaj zog yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tshuab. Tom qab xim pleev xim rau, muab ntxuav kom huv nrog xab npus ntxuav dej.
Yog tias txheej txheej ntawm plaster lossis putty muaj zog txaus, nws tsis tas yuav tshem nws.
Tom qab ntxuav cov khoom qub, lub hauv paus raug kuaj xyuas. Yog tias pom qhov tsis xws lossis qhov sib txawv ntawm 4-5 hli tau pom, qib kev ua tau yog siv qhov siv tsis tso. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tau muab pob zeb ua pob zeb lossis plaster saum npoo kom thiaj li ua kom zoo cov nplaum ntawm cov nplais rau puag. Tus pib yuav tsum tau thov thov 2-3 zaug, tos rau txheej dhau los ua kom huv si.
Cov nplais gluing cov ntawv ci thiab qab nthab cim
Vim tias lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsis raug, txawm tias cov vuas zoo nkauj tshaj plaws yuav tsis saib lawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Txhawm rau qhov ua tiav tiav kom zoo thiab nyob rau tib lub sijhawm muaj kev sib haum xeeb, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kos lub phiaj xwm pobzeb pob zeb. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ntsuas lub phab ntsa - nco ntsoov tias cov phab ntsa rov qab muaj qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov loj me. Xub tsim lub hom phiaj rau daim ntawv ua cov nplai. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog thiaj li ua kom raug xam cov naj npawb ntawm cov paib thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv qhov chaw tso kawm. Tom qab ntawd, daim duab yuav tsum pauv mus rau lub qab nthab. Koj yuav tsum muaj tus pas ntsuas, xaum, kev tsim kho square, thiab txoj hlua. Qhov markup tau ua raws li tus xaiv uas tau xaiv. Tus txheej txheem txheej txheem tau txiav txim siab nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm lub qab nthab thiab tus tsim qauv lub tswv yim.
Tso kev schemes:
- Ntawv Ntshiab. Cov vuas luaj tau muab tso rau hauv cov kab tuab raws phab ntsa. Pasting pib los ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov kev txiav txim siab xaiv qhov kev teeb tsa no yog siv yog tias koj xav ua kom tiav qhov chaw ua tiav siv cov vuas sib khi. Ib qho qauv ntawm cov qauv qub - tso nrog kev hloov ntawm txhua kab tom ntej los ntawm ib nrab ntawm pobzeb - zoo ib yam li brickwork. Xws li ceilings saib ntau nthuav thiab airy. Rau hom no, yuav cov vuas nrog ib qho npoo - yuav muaj ntau ntawm kev khawb khoom.
- Kab mob siab. Ib qho txheej txheem dav dav uas tsim nyog rau qab nthab tsev ntawm txhua qhov loj me. Cov phiajcim yog ua raws cov kab pheeb ces thiaj li ua kom cov ntaws tiav raws lawv. Koj yuav tsum pib gluing los ntawm chandelier. Nws yuav tsum tau muab anchored hauv qhov chaw ntawm thawj square. Nws yuav tsum nyob ntawm 45 degree kaum rau txhua phab ntsa. Tightened threads yog siv los nrhiav lub chaw. Koj tuaj yeem kos cov kab pheeb ces nrog lawv. Cov vuas txuas tom qab tau nruj nreem txuas rau hauv nruab nrab kom txog thaum tag nrho saum npoo. Cov phiaj yuav tsum khiav nrawm nrog cov kab cim. Txheej nrog lub pob zeb diamond ua rau lub qab nthab khoom kim heev thiab tuaj yeem, pom kev hloov kho qhov loj me. Ib qho tsis zoo - yuav muaj ntau heev tshaj dua li cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj.
- Staggered. Rau cov khoom siv ntawm cov "checkerboard" ntawm lub qab nthab, koj yuav xav tau panels ntawm ob xim. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke zoo nkauj tshaj plaws - dub nrog dawb, nrog xim liab, daj, xiav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov xim xaiv tau pom kev txhawb nqa hauv qhov chaw seem. Kev yoo mov yog pib los ntawm qhov chaw thiab txuas ntxiv mus kom txog thaum ua haujlwm tiav. Cov kab ntawm cov vuas tau muab tso ncaj rau ntawm phab ntsa. Ib qho ntxiv ntxiv ntawm txoj kev no yog tias nws tuaj yeem siv los hloov kev mloog ntawm qhov tsis sib luag ntawm lub hauv paus.
- Nab - ua ntawm kab pheeb ces kaum cim. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xaiv cov xim kom haum nrog txhua tus. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov zoo sib xws los sis, ntawm qhov tsis sib thooj, sib txawv ntawm cov duab ntxoo thiab lo rau cov vuas raws li tus qauv npaj. Yog hais tias lub tswv yim kom nteg nthab nrog tus nab tuaj txog tom qab yuav cov pobzeb tiaj los yog lub khw tsis pom cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov duab ntxoov ntxoo haum, cov khoom muaj peev xwm tsuas yog pleev xim rau hauv cov xim uas haum rau sab hauv. Koj yuav xav tau cov xim pleev xim dawb acrylic thiab ob lub xim tints.
Cov lus qhia ib qib zuj zus-rau-rau-qeb rau gluing vuas tuaj yeem pom hauv video.
Kev tu thiab tu kom zoo
Tom qab gluing lub panels, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ntxuav qhov saum npoo los ntawm cov kua nplaum uas tau yuam kev ntawm nws lossis tiv thaiv raws txoj leeg. Nws yuav tsum raug muab tshem tawm kom meej thiab tsis ncua ntev tsis tag. Siv daim ntaub ntub dej los yog daim ntaub mos muag kom huv uas tsis huv. Ob peb feeb ntawm kev ncua yuav ua rau cov qog ua rau tsis muaj zog thiab tsis tuaj yeem ploj mus. Yog li, khaws ib daim khaub hlab thiab ib thoob dej nyob ze thaum koj ua haujlwm, thiab nco ntsoov ntxuav txhua pobzeb tam sim ntawd tom qab gluing.
Yog tias koj tsis tswj kom rov ua cov vuas vov rov qab, qhov ntawd tsis tau. Sau cov voids me me nrog mastic siv rau lub installation lossis nrog putty yog tias nws phim cov xim ntawm cov pobzeb. Daim npog ntsej muag zoo nrog cov xim dawb acrylic. Nws adheres txig rau ntsib cov khoom siv thiab zoo kawg nkaus nkaum txhua qhov tsoo. Siv cov roj hmab roj me me los sau qhov khoob. Tom qab npog cov npoo, tam sim ntawd so tej yam dhau nrog daim ntaub ntub dej los yog khaub hlab. Yog tias cov nqaws kaw tau zoo nkauj, lawv yuav tsis tsoo qhov zoo ntawm koj lub qab nthab.
Xaus
Tam sim no koj paub yuav ua li cas nrog kev pab ntawm qab nthab vuas koj tuaj yeem yooj yim thiab nrawm ua nws tus kheej, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj, pheej yig kho lub qab nthab. Qhov tsim muaj ntau ntawm cov khoom siv no tso cai rau koj los tsim cov kev sib xyaw ntawm lub qab nthab rau txhua cov qauv. Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv sab hauv nrog cov vuas luaj saum npoo av, saib cov duab.
