Kev tsim qauv ntawm sab xub ntiag ntawm lub tsev yog ib qho ntawm cov theem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim kho. Nws yog cov tsos ntawm lub tsev uas tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab nws cov qauv, nyiaj txiag nyiaj txiag ntawm tus tswv, yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv xaiv ntawm cov khoom tiav rau ua tiav lub fa aade ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug yuav tsum mus kom txog lub luag haujlwm. Tseeb, dhau li ntawm cov kev ua kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, cov cladding tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nws tiv thaiv phab ntsa los ntawm atmospheric nag lossis daus, hnub ci, muab cov cua sov ntxiv thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev, pab txhawb kev tsim cov microclimate noj qab haus huv sab hauv lub tsev.
Yuav tsum rau faadeade tag
Txhua lub ntsej muag ntsej muag tau muab faib ua ob hom loj: tsis ua kom muaj pa, kom ua pa tawm. Thawj zaug ntawm cov uas tau teev tseg tsis tau txhais hais tias tsis muaj qhov dim pa ntawm qhov cladding thiab phab ntsa. Cov khoom siv tag yog tsau nrog cov nplaum sib tov, tshuaj khib, plaster. Qhov txheej txheem thib ob tseem hu ua hinged. Muaj qhov chaw ntawm lub dai kom zoo nkauj thiab lub tsev rau cov cua ncig.
Kev tsim kho kev lag luam muaj cov txheej txheem ntau ntawm cov khoom sib txawv uas tuaj yeem siv rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hauv paus hauv tsev nyob. Kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb dab tsi lub tsev nws tus kheej tau ua los ntawm. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua yam khoom siv hauv tsev yuav tsum ua tau raws li qee qhov xav tau, uas yog:
- Txaus nyiam tsos. Qhov txheej txheem no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.
- Nqi. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob txuag ntawm kev kho kom zoo sab nrauv, txwv tsis pub nws yuav tsis siv sijhawm ntev.
- Lub sijhawm ruaj. Kev pleev xim zoo tau kho kom zoo nkauj lub tsev nyob hauv ntau tshaj 10 xyoo, tsis tas yuav tsum tau hloov txhua 3-4 xyoos.
- Lub zog. Kev tawm sab nraud yuav tsum tiv taus txhua qhov kev nteg ntawm cov qauv, suav nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
- Txheeb hluav taws xob tsis kam. Lub txheej yuav tsum yog inert rau qhov tsim thiab kis ntawm fungi thiab pwm.
- Ib puag ncig kev phooj ywg. Muaj peev xwm tsis ua kom puas rau ob qho tib si ib puag ncig nws thiab cov neeg nyob.
- Yuav tiv taus cov kev nyab xeeb thaum muaj nag lossis daus. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev yuav tsum tsis txhob ntxuav tawm, yaig hauv qab ntawm cov cua nkag, rhuav tshem thiab hloov nws cov xim ntawm lub hnub lub hnub ci.
- Noo noo noo tsis kam. Nws tsis tuaj yeem lees txais rau txheej ua kom nqus thiab kis tau ya raws.
- Dej vapor permeability. Raws li cov cai ntawm kev tsim kho, nws loj hlob los ntawm cov khoom sab hauv ntawm phab ntsa mus rau lwm tus.
- Hluav taws ua hauj. Qhov tsim nyog, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom tsis xeb ua cov khoom siv tsis tau.
- Te te tsis kam. Muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov ntsuas kub tsis hloov yam tsis poob qhov kev ua tau zoo.
- Yooj yim ntawm kev saib xyuas. Qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau yooj yim los ntxuav ntawm av.
- Kuj rau efflorescence. Yog tias ya raws nyob rau saum npoo, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov dej qab ntsev yog qhov tsis tsim nyog, uas tsis tsuas yog lwj qhov tsos, tab sis kuj tsim lub nra hnyav.
- Kev tawm tsam rau kev txhoj puab heev ib puag ncig.
Cov ntaub ntawv rau ua tiav ntawm lub faadeade ntawm lub tsev
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov txheej txheem uas tsim nyog tshaj yog nyob ntawm ntau yam. Ua ntej, kev tsim qauv thiab cov ntsiab lus siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv thiab sab nraud yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov lus sib txuam. Thib ob, hom qauv ntawm lub tsev raug tsim, nws sab nrauv yuav tsum sib haum mus rau qhov chaw dav dav ntawm lub xaib, yuav muab sib xyaw nrog lwm cov tsev uas muaj nyob ntawm nws. Thib peb, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus qauv nws tus kheej, uas cuam tshuam rau hom duab ntawm lub ntsej muag.
Ua raws li cov tshuaj siv rau cladding, tag nrho cov ntsej muag tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg loj: ntub dej, qhuav. Cov qub tau tsim nrog txoj cai siv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, lawv ua kom muaj lub meej mom ntawm kev teeb tsa. Cov tom kawg ua kev cuam tshuam txog qhov nrawm ntawm cov khoom ua tiav nrog bolts, dowels, thiab lwm yam fasteners. Hom kev ua tiav no yooj yim dua, kev teeb tsa tuaj yeem nqa tawm thaum twg lub sijhawm xyoo.
Cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav rau cladding ntiav cov tsev loj heev. Rau kev ua haujlwm, koj tuaj yeem siv ob qho tib si cov ntaub ntawv nyoos thiab cov tshiab. Thawj zaug suav nrog cib, plaster, pob zeb. Qhov thib ob - thaiv lub tsev, siding, ntau yam panels, thiab lwm yam. Txog kev pom meej, peb yuav nyob hauv ntau qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom siv lub tsev loj, kawm paub txog lawv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.
Facade plaster: hom thiab lawv cov nta
Plaster tau siv rau ntev li ib daim ntawv ntsib rau cov khoom hauv tsev. Qhov no yog qhov pheej yig, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg txheej uas koj tuaj yeem tsim ib qho ntxim nyiam, qub sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev. Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev thov nws yog qhov yooj yim heev, tab sis nws yuav coj kev los ua txoj haujlwm zoo. Tseeb, yog tias thev naus laus zis txhaum, lub plastered txheej tuaj yeem tawg, tev tawm.
Kev tsim kho kev lag luam muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab rau kev dai kom zoo nkauj, tab sis phab ntsa plastering tsis plam nws cov kev xav tau. Yog li ntawd, cov tuam ntxhab hloov kho lawv cov ntau lawm, tsim cov khoom sib xyaw tshiab. Muaj ntau ntau hom kev hais daws plaster, uas sib txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv sib txawv. Lub ntsiab ntawm cov tsis sib haum xeeb yog muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Ua raws li cov siv coj los siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom, cov nram qab no hom ntawm cov hniav plaster tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv: ntxhia, acrylic, silicone, silicate. Txhua ntawm cov kev xaiv tau teev tseg nws muaj nws cov kev ua tau zoo. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab xaiv cov hom tshwj xeeb, nws yog qhov yuav tsum txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua qhov sib xyaw, nco ntsoov lawv qhov ua tau zoo thiab tsis zoo.
Mineral plaster
Vim tias nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, kev sib xyaw ua lub tsev tseem hu ua cement. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm Portland cov cement thiab kua qaub yog siv ua cov ntawv ci. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev daws teeb meem ib txwm muaj ib qho muab tub lim, sawv cev los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov yeeb tshuaj hauv qab no: quartz, marble, mica, av nplaum, ceramics, iav. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov ntawv ntxiv txuas tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Rau kev ua haujlwm sab nraud, nruab nrab (feem - 1.5-3 hli), loj (3.5-4 hli), ntxhib ntxhib los mos (txog 5 hli thiab ntau dua) hom plaster siv.
Cov dej sib xyaw muaj ntau cov tshuaj ntxiv uas ua kom nws tiv taus hluav taws xob ultraviolet. Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm cov ntxhia hauv kev daws teeb meem yog lawv lub zog siab. Lwm qhov zoo muaj xws li:
- yooj yim siv technology;
- zoo vapor permeability, tsis muaj hws tshwm nyob rau saum npoo ntawm phab ntsa;
- lub txheej tsis ntshai los nag lossis daus;
- tiv taus kev hloov pauv kub;
- tuaj yeem siv rau yuav luag txhua qhov chaw;
- nws yog ib qho khoom siv rau ib puag ncig;
- cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo;
- muaj tus nqi qis;
- saum npoo yog yooj yim tu thiab ntxuav;
- tsis cuam tshuam thaum lub sijhawm;
- muaj kev pab cuam lub neej ntev;
- tso cai rau koj los tsim kom muaj cov xaum xim txawv;
- cov hu ua fungi thiab pwm tsis pib ua ntu.
Qhov tsis zoo muaj xws li:
- tsawg elasticity, tuaj yeem thov tsuas yog tom qab ua tiav shrinkage ntawm lub tsev;
- tsis tiv thaiv kev vibration;
- thaum npaj qhov kev daws teeb meem, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam daim ntawv qhia nruj me ntsis, txwv tsis pub muaj kev ua haujlwm siab yuav ploj, qhov kev txhuam ntawm txheej thov yuav nce ntau zaus;
- qhov sib xyaw nrog dries sai sai, yog li nws yuav tsum tau muab zuaj hauv qhov me me;
- yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv qhov chaw qhuav.
Vim yog qhov kev xaiv me me ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem xim, koj tuaj yeem muab qhov ntxoov ntxoo yam xav tau nrog kev pab ntawm kev ntxiv xim. Kev tha xim yuav ua tau tsuas yog tom qab thov txheej tau qhuav tag (tom qab 2 hnub).
Acrylic plaster
Txoj kev daws teeb meem muaj txog kaum yam sib txawv, lub ntsiab yog acrylic cob. Nws yog qhov npaj-los siv-dej-qhov kev sib xyaw uas tsis tas yuav tov. Hom no yog devoid of lub ntsiab tsis zoo ntawm cov mineral plaster - nws yog ywj, yog li txawm tias tom qab lub tsev shrinks, cov kab nrib pleb tsis tshwm rau ntawm phab ntsa. Nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov neeg uas xav kom txuag nyiaj ntawm kev ua kom tiav thiab ntsej muag rwb thaiv tsev.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem siv tau ua haujlwm tam sim tom qab yuav khoom. Yog tias tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem ua ntxiv tinting, ntxiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob tshwj xeeb uas tiv thaiv kev txhim kho cov pwm thiab pwm. Txhawm rau kom cov dej noo tiv thaiv ntxiv cov tshuaj ntxiv dej. Qee cov tuam ntxhab siv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, titanium dioxide nce ib puag ncig tsis kam. Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm cov hom no yog:
- kev pab lub neej ntev, tsawg kawg 15 xyoos;
- zoo vapor permeability;
- yas;
- ya raws tsis kam;
- te tsis kam;
- kev cuam tshuam loj tsis kam, tiv taus cov neeg kho tshuab kev ntxhov siab;
- kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig;
- yooj yim los ntxuav;
- tus nqi tsim nyog thiab kev siv yig.
Qhov tsis zoo:
- flammability, tsis tuaj yeem siv nrog qee yam kev rwb thaiv tsev, piv txwv li, pob zeb hauv av tsiaj;
- dries sai sai, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj daws sai sai;
- tsis tshua muaj electrostaticity, vim yog lub zog hluav taws xob xoom, plua plav thiab cov av zoo lo rau saum npoo.
Silicate plaster
Qhov no hom ntawm plaster, zoo li acrylic mortars, yog muag npaj-ua. Lub ntsiab tivthaiv yog kua iav. Cov kev sib xyaw nrog: ib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm poov tshuaj thiab sodium silicates, cov ntxhia pob zeb (marble chips, quartz, pob zeb me me, thiab lwm yam), cov qauv hloov kho, cov xim pleev xim kom muab cov xim tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj facade, tab sis nws kim heev.
Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov kab sib xyaw ua ke, tab sis lawv txhua tus sib txawv ntawm ib leeg tsuas yog hauv cov tub lim uas yog ib feem ntawm qhov yuav luag tsis hloov pauv. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los thov lub tshuaj khib rau ntawm qhob, av ci, cinder thaiv phab ntsa. Lub sijhawm rau kev ua tiav crystallization ncav cuag 14 hnub. Nws yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub sib tov nrog silicate plaster nrog rau lwm hom kev ua tiav cov khoom. Cov xim muaj ntau qhov zoo:
- elasticity, tsis ntshai ntawm lub tsev shrinkage, tsis muaj kab nrib pleb tshwm sim saum npoo;
- yooj yim ntawm tu, thaum av tshwm, nws tau yooj yim ntxuav nrog dej;
- siab vapor permeability;
- ecological huv si;
- tsis muaj tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw;
- cov dej tsis qab, cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj tuaj yeem thov rau cov qhov ntsa thiab xeb phab ntsa;
- yog ruaj khov;
- muaj kev nplaum zoo.
Qhov tsis zoo:
- kev xaiv me me ntawm cov xim;
- ua ntej thov rau phab ntsa, nws yuav tsum tau kho ua ntej nrog ib tus primer;
- fading nyob rau hauv lub hnub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsaus xim;
- cov lus qhia txheej txheem sai sai, tsis pub dhau 3 teev;
- nqi siab.
Silicone plaster
Cov plaster muaj cov khoom siv hauv qab no: silicone emulsified resins, ntxhia cov ntxhia, ua kom zoo ntxiv, txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Ua raws li lub hauv paus, cov ntau hom ntawm cov tshuaj no tau txawv: silicate-silicone (iav dej iav yog ntxiv), acrylic-silicone (acrylic polymers), siloxane (thermoplastic silicone).
Kev daws teeb meem ua nrog silicone emulsions tuaj yeem siv rau yuav luag txhua qhov chaw, tsuas yog hlau. Zoo li yav dhau los ua ke, qhov sib tov yog muag npaj-tsim, yog li yuav pib, cia li qhib lub ntim. Ntau yam ntxwv zoo tib yam rau silicate tebchaw, tab sis hom plaster no ntau dua ywj, adhesion thaj chaw yog siab dua. Kuj ntawm qhov zoo tseem ceeb yog:
- lub zog, txheej kho suab tsis qiv nws tus kheej rau kev kho tshuab kev ntxhov siab;
- tsis kam mus rau ultraviolet hluav taws xob;
- hydrophobicity;
- refractoriness;
- tsis kam mus rau qhov chaw tsis zoo thiab tshuaj lom neeg;
- tsis ntshai kub hloov pauv;
- tiv thaiv kev tsim kho ntawm cov kab mob me;
- kev xaiv dav ntawm ntau yam ntxoov ntxoo;
- yooj yim los ntxuav nrog dej;
- lub txheej yog breathable;
- kev pab lub neej ntev ntawm 25 xyoos.
Tib qho tsis zoo ntawm kev sib xyaw yog tus nqi siab, tab sis kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov khoom kom npog nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj no suav nrog cov kev ua haujlwm nyuaj ntawm txoj haujlwm dismantling.
Ntsig ntsej muag cib: qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Pem hauv ntej (tig xub ntiag) cib yog cov khoom siv ib txwm siv los kho cov ntsej muag. Nyob rau hauv tsos, nws yog zoo li zoo tib yam tsev briquettes, tab sis muaj ib tug kev ua kom zoo nkauj bias. Lub caij nyoog yog qhov tseem ceeb dua lwm cov cladding. Nws tso cai rau koj los tsim lub laj kab muaj zog nyob ib puag ncig lub tsev uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv yuav luag txhua yam kev ntxhov siab, nag lossis daus, hloov kub.
Cov ntsej muag hauv ntej ntawm cov pob zeb ci ntsa iab tau muaj qhov chaw du lossis embossed. Cov khoom siv cladding muaj ntau yam xim. Ua raws li cov khoom siv raw siv rau kev tsim, ceramic, clinker, hyper-pressed, silicate kev xaiv yuav txawv. Txhua ntawm cov npe hom yog tus yam ntxwv tseeb, nws muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv yog nws cov hollowness. Txhawm rau txhawm rau, qhov muaj cov voids yog qhov tseem ceeb, qhov no tso cai rau koj kom txo tag nrho cov hnyav ntawm cov masonry, txo qhov siab ntawm cov qauv txhawb nqa, thiab pab ua kom muaj cua sov. Yog li ntawd, cov qauv khov kho hauv kev xyaum tsis yog siv hauv kev ua haujlwm, tshwj tsis yog cov pob zeb cus siab, uas, los ntawm cov lus txhais, los ntawm txoj kev tsim khoom, tsis tuaj yeem tsis muaj hollow.
Txhej Clinker
Hauv kev tsim cov clinker, cov av nplaum "tawv daj" yog siv, uas muaj cov nqi ntawm quartz xuab zeb. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov yam ntxwv, volcanic basalt, uas yog cov iav uas tseem ceeb rau ntuj, tuaj yeem ntxiv rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov hluav taws kub kub yog 1900 °, nqa cov av nplaum ze rau qhov chaw melting. Kev ua zoo li no ua rau lub cib ntsa ruaj khov, thaum npaws, nws hnav (clinker hauv kev txhais lus - suab).
Qhov zoo:
- tsis kam mus rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov tshuab;
- kev nqus dej tsis zoo;
- qis porosity, ntxiv rau dej tsis kam, qhov ntsuas no tiv thaiv kev ua kom pom kev ntxhuab nyob rau sab pem hauv ntej;
- kev pab lub neej ntev (tshaj 100 xyoo);
- tsis kam mus txhoj puab heev ib puag ncig.
Qhov tsis zoo:
- lub siab nqus tshwj xeeb;
- qis vapor permeability;
- high ntom, uas ua rau poob loj thaum tshav kub kub;
- txoj kev ua tus txheej txheem tawv;
- nqi siab.
Tej Hub
Liab cib yog tsim los ntawm cov av nplaum hlawv. Qhov no yog tus nqi pheej yig tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib dhos hauv qhov sib piv nrog lwm cov analogues. Kev tsim thev naus laus zis yog yooj yim heev: cov av nplaum mined hauv cov chaw txua txiag zeb tau tawg, xoob, thiab yog tias tsim nyog, xuab zeb ntxiv rau nws. Cov txiaj ntsig sib tov tau tsim rau hauv pob zeb ci, lawv tau qhuav, thiab tom qab ntawd muab taws rau hauv qhov cub ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1100-1300 °. Txhawm rau kom ua tiav qhov zoo nkauj, cov khoom siv tuaj yeem pleev xim, qauv, lossis qauv.
Qhov zoo:
- lub zog;
- te tsis kam;
- ecological huv si;
- durability;
- hluav taws ua hauj;
- zoo soundproofing zoo;
- ntau ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab textures;
- tus nqi tsawg.
Qhov tsis zoo:
- tau tsim ntawm efflorescence;
- fragility, yooj yim rau cov neeg kho tshuab kev ntxhov siab;
- hygroscopicity;
- kev xaiv me me ntawm cov xim, los ntawm lub teeb ocher rau tsaus xim av;
- ntawm kev muag koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov khoom lag luam qis.
Huab Tais siab
Lub tsev cov khoom siv yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm lub siab muaj zog thiab paub ntsuas qhov tseeb, qhov tseeb, nws yog pob zeb tsim. Rau kev tsim cov cib, cov cement, limestone, kev lag luam pov tseg (cov hmoov tshauv los ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob, cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev tsuas thiab kev lag luam kev lag luam, slags los ntawm cov rwj dej thiab qhov cub, thiab lwm yam) siv. Lub ntsiab sib txawv ntawm cov qauv qub yog dhau los ntawm kev tua hluav taws.
Cov txiaj ntsig:
- tsis kam mus rau ib puag ncig hnyav;
- ruaj;
- nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub zog nws ho ntau tshaj li silicate thiab ceramic khoom;
- muaj cov duab geometric tseeb, hom phiaj ncaj saum npoo ntawm cov npoo;
- cov khoom lag luam ib puag ncig;
- tso cai rau koj los ua ib daim ntawv qhia tias muaj tseeb, txawm tias tso.
Qhov tsis zoo:
- lub nra hnyav, ua rau lub nra hnyav rau lub hauv paus, yog li ntawd tsis tshua muaj kev siv kho kom zoo nkauj phab ntsa, feem ntau yog rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj hauv qab daus;
- briquettes yuav tsum tau qhuav ua ntej tso;
- muaj lub siab thermal conductivity;
- tej zaum yuav poob nws cov xim raws sijhawm;
- nqi siab.
Silicate cib
Silicate cib ua ntu zus pob zeb ci ua los ntawm quartz xuab zeb thiab txiv qaub hauv kev ntsuas ntawm 9: 1. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov quav ntxiv thiab cov xim muaj nyob rau hauv qhov sib tov. Txhawm rau muab lub zog, cov khoom siv tau kho cua sov hauv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb autoclaves. Qhov kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv yog nws cov dej tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv dej, yooj yim nqus cov dej noo, yog li nws tsis tshua muaj kev siv rau txheej, yuav tsum muaj kev kho ntxiv saum npoo av.
Qhov zoo:
- siab lub zog thiab ntom;
- cov duab geometric tseeb;
- qhov ntau ntawm cov xim;
- huv tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv nqe lus toxicological;
- lub suab zoo rwb thaiv tsev;
- efflorescence tsis pom nyob rau saum npoo;
- tsis tshua muaj nqi.
Qhov tsis zoo:
- ntshai tsam ya raws (dej nqus tshaj 15%);
- hnyav hnyav;
- tsis tshua muaj cua sov rwb thaiv tsev;
- tsis tshua muaj te tsis kam.
Ntau yam ntawm faadeade siding
Cov khoom lag luam tshiab tau nyuam qhuav dhau los ua lag luam. Sib tw siding yuav ua tau ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv thiab suav nrog ntau yam hauv nws cov qauv. Nws yog siv los ua cov khoom tiav rau cladding facades sab nraum cov tuam tsev. Cov khoom siv yog nrov rau nws yooj yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab yooj yim installation. Tsis muaj tshwj xeeb cov khoom siv yog tsim nyog rau kev teeb tsa. Muaj ntau ntau hom kev tawm sab nraud, txhua tus nyias qhov xaus thiab qhov ntev.
Yas
Xws li cov ntoo siding yog ua los ntawm PVC. Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom, ntxiv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb ntxiv. Kev thov rau cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no ntau dua li lwm cov qauv vaj huam sib luag. Qhov no yog vim muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo hauv qab no:
- Lub sijhawm ruaj. Kev pab lub neej 15-50 xyoo;
- Tsis muaj hluav taws xob xaj;
- Tsis kam tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem corrosive;
- Muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kub qis thiab siab kub. Cov khoom tsis deform ntawm tus nqi ntawm -50 txog + 50 ° C;
- Lub teeb yuag thiab pliability thaum lub sijhawm ua, uas ua tau yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm;
- Qib siab ntawm décor.
Txawm hais tias qhov zoo, muaj qee qhov tsis zoo los xav txog thaum xaiv cov kev xaiv tiav no. Cov khoom ua los ntawm polystyrene muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ultraviolet, lawv cov txheej saum txheej sai sai hlawv tawm, uas cuam tshuam rau sab nraud kev nkag siab ntawm tag nrho cov lus qhia. Thaum tso, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau tawm ntawm qhov khoob khoob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau ntawm cov ces kaum, yog li thaum cua sov, cov vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem nthuav dav dawb yam tsis muaj deformation. Qhov tsis zoo kuj tseem muaj cov kuab paug ntawm PVC.
Ntoo
Kim kim tab sis feem ntau ntxim siab hom facade siding. Txhawm rau cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no ua haujlwm ntev thiab zoo nkauj ntxim nyiam, lawv raug kho nrog cov impregnations tshwj xeeb ua ntej kev teeb tsa. Glued ntoo board yog heev environmentally phooj ywg. Nws muaj kev nyab xeeb tiag tiag rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig. Cov txheej xim muab kev hloov pauv vapor zoo thiab nce lub zog ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev.
Hlau
Rau kev tsim kev lag luam ntawm cov siding xws li, lawv siv cov ntawv hlau uas tau dhau los yob thiab lub thwj cim. Cov ntu uas tau muab kho tau ua rau ob sab nrog kev kho kom zoo nkauj polymer thiab txheej tiv thaiv. Cov khoom lag luam hauv qab no yog siv rau cov ntsej muag:
- Txhuas hlau sab nrauv. Cov ntsiab lus ua los ntawm corrugated board yog lub teeb yuag thiab zoo nkauj heev. Lawv yog cov ruaj, tsis txhob ua mob rau ib puag ncig;
- Galvanized hlau. Cov khoom ua hluav taws xob ua los ntawm cov ntawv galvanized yog them nrog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv, uas ua kom nws tiv taus cov pa sab nraud.
Maas
Cov ntsiab lus tiav tuaj yeem ua cov cement fiber (ua vaj tsev) lossis asbestos xis mas. Hauv thawj kis, cov khoom siv yog cov xuab zeb, xis mas thiab cellulose fiber. Ua tsaug rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg no, qhov hnyav ntawm qhov ua tiav ntawm cov ntoo ib nrab-lub sij hawm txo qis thiab lawv qhov cuab lub zog nce ntxiv. Cov xim muaj cov yam ntxwv li nram no:
- Tsis kam mus rau qhov kub thiab txias kub siab;
- Lub sijhawm ruaj khov;
- Tsis kam tiv taus kev hlawv thiab hlawv;
- Qhov yooj yim loj ntawm qhov chaw.
Asbestos-cement cov ntsiab lus tsis yog nthuav dav, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem muaj qhov tsis zoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Tab sis cov kev tsim khoom lag luam niaj hnub no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom qee qhov txo cov teeb meem.
Ntuj thiab dag pob zeb
Cov pob zeb ntuj, xws li sandstone, feem ntau yog siv rau facade cladding. Nws txawv hauv keeb kwm, pom, lub zog, hnyav. Qhov kev kho kom zoo nkauj no yuav ua kom lub tsev pom tseeb thiab ua kom ntev nws lub neej. Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm cov kev xaiv no muaj xws li:
- Cov Tswvyim. Cov khoom tsis puas thiab tsis hloov nws cov tsos lub sijhawm dhau los, tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv sab hauv cov yam ntxwv;
- Ib tug loj assortment. Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom me me nrog ntau yam xim thiab qauv. Cov neeg tsim khoom tsim cov paib, txaij, kab ntawm txhua qhov loj;
- Txaus nyiam tsos. Xws li cov cladding yuav taw qhia txog ib lub tsev tawm tsam ntawm cov keeb kwm dav ntawm cov tsev, txawm tias qhov kev ua kom zoo nkauj tsuas yog ua qee feem;
- Nyiaj tau zoo. Ntuj ntsiab tau hloov nrog cov khoom cua. Nws yog qhov nyuaj kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov thawj, thiab txawm dhau nws dhau ntawm qee yam ntxwv.
Facade porcelain stoneware
Tus nqi siab ntawm cov ntsiab zoo li no tau muab los ntawm nws tus yam ntxwv txhim kho. Nws tsis txhawb rau kev sib txuas, yog li nws nquag siv los tsim kev thaiv teeb meem. Raug rau txhua yam haujlwm ua haujlwm, nws lub neej kev pab mus txog 50 xyoo. Vim tias qhov kev kawm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov plooj (venice) stoneware, cov vuas yooj yim rau txheej txheem thiab sib sau ua ke sai sai.
Kev teeb tsa tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm txhais tes nkaus xwb yog tias koj muaj qee qhov kev paub hauv kev ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom. Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau tus nqi nyiaj siab thiab ua rau tib neeg lub neej.
Pros thiab cons ntawm Sandwich panels
Lub ntsiab thiab ntsib ntsej muag lub ntsej muag nyuaj yog siv rau ntsej muag ntsej muag. Lawv yog yas lossis ntxhia rwb thaiv tsev nyob ntawm ob daim ntawv hlau. Lub puab sab hauv ntawm lub ntsiab dawb huv yog sab laug du lossis corrugated, thiab sab nraud yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ntoo, pob zeb, lossis plaster. Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm hom kev ua tiav no suav nrog hauv qab no:
- Tsawg qhov hnyav;
- Cellular qauv;
- Kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig;
- Muaj peev xwm ntawm installation nyob rau txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo thiab hauv ib qho huab cua;
- Tshaj tawm rau kev hloov pauv hauv cov av noo thiab kub;
- Tus nqi pheej yig.
Ntawm qhov tsis txaus, qhov tshwm sim siab ntawm kev siv tshuab puas tuaj yeem sau tseg. Tsis tas li, txuas hniav txias tuaj yeem tsim ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm. Koj tuaj yeem zam dhau lub txim tsis zoo thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog tias koj ua raws li txoj cai ntawm kev teeb tsa nruj me ntsis.
Ventilated facades
Ua tsaug rau tshwj xeeb cov cuab yeej, cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov cwj pwm zoo heev. Lawv pab txhawm rau tswj cov dej noo zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov txheej txheem phab ntsa thiab hauv chav nws tus kheej, thiab tiv thaiv cov chaw sab nraud los ntawm tshav ntuj thiab nag lossis daus. Lawv kuj zoo kawg nkaus zais cov tsis xws luag thiab cov kab nrib pleb hauv phab ntsa.
Cov cladding tuaj yeem nthuav tawm ntau yam khoom siv. Txhua version ntawm txhaws thiab ntxig yuav muab kev tiv thaiv txhim khu kev qha thiab niaj hnub, zoo nkauj ua kom pom tseeb. Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau dai cov phab ntsa coj mus rau hauv tus account peculiarities ntawm thaj av uas lub tsev nyob.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ua kom muaj cua tshuab yuav pom tau tias tsuas yog cov khoom lawv tus kheej tau ua los ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj peev xwm raug teeb tsa tau nqa tawm. Cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom, lub thickness ntawm txhaws, theem ntawm permeability, khov tiv thaiv thiab lwm yam ntsuas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account.
Facade cassettes
Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam yog lub xwmfab, duab plaub. Feem ntau cov feem ntau lawv tau ua los ntawm cov hlau tshwj xeeb lossis cov alloys. Cov npoo ntawm cov khoom tau khoov rau sab hauv, uas ua rau lawv zoo li lub thawv. Rau txhawm rau yoo, lawv muaj qhov tshwj xeeb thiab quav nyob sab qaum kev. Lawv ua kom sai rau cov khoom siv hlau txuas rau phab ntsa siv tus kheej tapping screws lossis rivets.
Nrog kev pabcuam ntawm lub ntsej muag khaus ntsej muag, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim pauv cov tsos ntawm lub tsev, tsim lub tshuab ua pa, thiab txhim kho sab sab nraud. Lawv feem ntau kuj tau siv los ua kev xaiv nyiaj txiag thaum nqa tawm kev ua haujlwm rov qab, raws li daim duab dhau los.
Thermal panels rau lub ntsej muag cuav
Cov khoom siv niaj hnub muaj ntau lub zog nthuav. Sab nraud, cov duab tshav kub zoo ib yam li brickwork. Lawv muaj ntau txheej. Feem ntau qhov no yog lub hauv paus, txhawm rau ua kom rwb thaiv tsev thermal thiab kho kom zoo nkauj txheej. Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv ntom ntom, cov khoom khov kho tso cai rau nws siv rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nrog qhov tsis kub tsis tu ncua.
Vim lawv qhov nyhav me me thiab thaj tsam loj, cov khoom lag luam tau yooj yim sib dhos. Tus kheej cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem nqa tau yooj yim thiab txiav. Vim yog cov xauv pob qij txha, cov ntu tau yooj yim sib sau ua ke thiab koom ua ke. Kev siv hluav taws xob cua sov tso cai rau koj kom muaj kev ntseeg siab tiv thaiv phab ntsa los ntawm khov, noo noo, thiab pwm.
Iav Panels
Qhov zoo ntawm qhov ua tiav no nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv xaiv. Ua ntej tshaj, txhua lub iav ntsiab tiv thaiv fa facade los ntawm cawv ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam cuam tshuam sab nraud los cuam tshuam. Nrog cov theem ntawm lub zog txaus, lawv saib tsis taus thiab lub cev tsis hnyav. Xws li cov vaj huam sib luag muaj peev xwm ntawm kev suav nrog kev thauj khoom raws li lawv pawg. Nws tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam kev tiv thaiv, kev tiv thaiv tub sab, thiab cov khoom kub nyhiab.
Ntawm qhov tsis txaus, nws muaj peev xwm sau cia rau qhov tsis yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa, kev tsim qauv thiab teeb meem nyuaj los laij tus qauv tsim ntawm sab hauv txheej iav. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis zoo yog tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom lawv tus kheej thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm lub thav duab teeb tsa.
Cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas ua ke kom raug
Kev sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem suav ua ib theem lossis ob theem tsev, uas muaj cov qauv tsim los ntawm ob peb lub tsev tsim khoom. Txhua hom caij nyoog tuaj yeem ntim cov qauv sib txawv. Cov kev xaiv txuas ntxiv hauv qab no feem ntau siv:
- Kev sib xyaw ntawm ob peb textures ntawm cov ntoo mos;
- Hniav zeb ua ke ua ke nrog rau kev txhais ntawm cav;
- Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm pob zeb thiab ntoo hauv hom du lossis textured;
- Lwm txoj kev tso pob zeb thiab cib;
- Kev siv los ua npuas thaiv, aerated ua vaj tse thiab cav ntoo hauv nthab.
Dab tsi los saib thaum xaiv cov khoom siv
Ua ntej xaiv cov khoom siv tiav, koj yuav tsum xub nkag siab nws cov yam ntxwv. Puas muaj qhov xav tau rwb thaiv tsev thiab hais tsis tau zoo ntawm lub tsev txheem lossis chalet. Qhov nyhav ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus kheej thiab tus qauv zuag qhia tag nrho kuj tseem ceeb. Yog tias qhov ntsuas no loj, yuav tsum muaj kev tshwj xeeb rau lub hauv paus. Rau cov tuam tsev ua los ntawm cov ntoo, xov tag nrog cov qhov hluav taws kub ua haujlwm siab yog qhov tsim nyog.
Stylistic thiab xim tsim
Lub ntsej muag yog lub sam xeeb ntawm txhua lub tsev, yog li nws tsim nyog xaiv nws cov xim tha xim nrog lub luag haujlwm zoo. Txhawm rau ua kom cov phab ntsa, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum siv cov khoom siv zoo xwb thiaj li ua rau nws nyob ci ntsa iab ntev li ntev tau thiab tsis thim ntawm lub sijhawm. Thaum xaiv cov xim, cov neeg tsim qauv xav pom zoo kom ua raws li qee cov kev cai. Lub tsev me yuav tsum tsim nyog ua rau thaj chaw toj roob hauv pes. Tsis tas li, tsis txhob hais txog lub tsev ntau dhau tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov tsev nyob sib ze.
Rau cov tsev ntoo, cov xim pastel yog haum. Yog tias lub tsev qub qub, tom qab ntawd nws zoo dua tso cov xim qub xeeb los ntawm tus kws kes duab vaj tsev ntawm txoj haujlwm. Ib lub tsev uas zoo li lub tsev fuabtais tuaj yeem ua kom zoo nkauj nrog cov khoom hauv cov xim ntuj pob zeb lossis nteg nrog cib. Koj yuav tsum xub kos teeb duab kom ntxaws.
Nqe thiab zoo
Thaum xaiv cov khoom siv rau kev ua tiav ntawm lub faadeade, xim tau them tsis tsuas yog nws cov kev coj ua thiab kav ntev, tab sis kuj rau kev ua raws cai ntawm tus nqi thiab zoo. Qhov cladding yuav tsum ua raws txhua tus qauv ntawm kev ua kom zoo nkauj thiab kev ntseeg tau. Tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav cov khoom kim tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm, yam tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab tias kev txiav txim siab no tsuas yog txiav txim siab xwb.
Tsis yog txhua tsev neeg muaj peev xwm them taus los xaiv txhua qhov kev xaiv ua tiav thiab nruab nws pheej yig. Ntau tus tswv tsev ntiag tug xaiv cov khoom ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm kev pom kev zoo nkauj thiab txawm ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav kev teeb tsa ntawm cov kev xaiv nyiaj txiag feem ntau pheej yig, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau pib txiav txim siab lub ntsiab ntawm cov kev xaiv.
Xaus
Kev kho kom zoo nkauj chav tsev yog tau txais ntau dua thiab nrov dua. Qhov kev thov rau xws li hom kev ua haujlwm nce qhov kev txheeb ze ntawm cov khoom, lawv cov loj loj. Los ntawm xaiv cov khoom haum ntawm qhov chaw, lawv cov xim thiab qauv, koj tuaj yeem ua koj lub tsev nyob ruaj khov lossis lub teb chaws tiag tiag tshwj xeeb thiab qub. Nws yuav ib txwm zoo nkauj thiab siv.
