Mosaic tsis yog tsuas yog ib hom masonry ua los ntawm cov ntsiab me, tab sis yog txoj kev ntawm kev nthuav qhia kev tsim txuj ci. Qhov kev kho kom zoo nkauj no ib qho chaw tsim nyog tshaj plaws tsis yog hauv kev kos duab, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Mos cov duab tha xim pom nyob sab hauv ntawm ntau chav tsev thiab tsev nyob. Tau txiav txim siab los kho kom zoo nkauj rau koj lub tsev nrog cov khoom siv hauv lub ntsej muag, koj pib xav kom nkag siab txog nws cov ntau haiv neeg, cov yam ntxwv, xam seb yuav ua li cas lo nplaum mosaic rau hauv pem teb, phab ntsa lossis qab nthab. Yog tsis muaj qhov kev paub no, nws tsuas yog yooj yim sua kom ywj siab xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog, ua qhov kev txhim kho kom raug nrog koj tus kheej tes, lossis tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus tswv.
Khoom nta
Mosaic cov duab kos duab thaum ub. Thawj cov mosaics tau pom thaum lub sijhawm khawb ntawm cov tuam tsev thiab cov palaces hauv Sumerian nroog ntawm Mesopotamia. Cov neeg paub txog keeb kwm sau hnub ua cov vaj tsev no mus txog nrab xyoo thib 4 xyoo BC. Muaj ntau pom pom yos rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm qub, tab sis lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm masonry poob rau lub caij nyoog ntawm Byzantine faj tim teb chaws, qhov chaw uas lawv tau pib siv cov pob zeb me ua tiav.
Ntau tshaj li ib txhiab xyoo tau dhau los txij thaum thawj cov qauv uas tau tshwm sim, thiab mosaics tseem yog hom nrov kho kom zoo nkauj. Nws yog siv los dai chav ua noj, chav dej, chav dej, thiab lwm chav. Kev tsim ua lag luam muaj ntau hom vuas mosaic, nrog kev pab uas lawv tsim tshwj xeeb sab hauv, nteg cov qauv qub rau ntawm phab ntsa, hauv pem teb, thiab qab nthab.
Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov nplais yog nws qhov loj me. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov ntsiab lus ib leeg nyob ntawm 10 txog 50 mm². Cov nplais me me tuaj yeem tso tsis tau rau ntawm cov tiaj tiaj tiaj xwb, tab sis kuj tseem siv rau kev tuav cov duab puab sib npaug, piv txwv li, kem, convex, concave dav hlau. Cov duab plaub fab ntawm cov chips yog feem ntau, tab sis kuj tseem muaj duab plaub, puag ncig, pob zeb diamond-puab, thiab lwm yam pixels.
Ntau cov ntaub ntawv siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom tiav. Ntawm kev muag koj tuaj yeem nrhiav ceramic, iav, pob zeb, hlau, smalt, daim iav, thiab txawm tias ntoo chips. Cov xim palette ntawm cov khoom tiav ua tiav ntau yam. Thaum xaiv qhov ntxoov ntxoo haum tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum them sai sai rau lub hom phiaj ntawm chav tsev, cov nyhuv ntawm cov xim rau tib neeg lub siab.
Mos hom - lawv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Mosaic vuas muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tseem ceeb zoo. Nws muaj qhov txawv txav los ntawm nws lub ntsej muag zoo, tiv taus ya raws, ntsuas kub tshaj, thiab tsis ploj hauv lub hnub. Nrog rau txoj cai xaiv thiab teeb tsa, nws yuav kav rau kaum xyoo. Ntawm cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb yog tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom. Tsis tas li, nws siv sijhawm ntau los nteg cov khoom me me, kom kos ib lub vaj huam sib luag.
Kev ua haujlwm siab, qhov peev xwm tsim qhov tsim qub tso cai rau koj siv mosaic hauv chav sib txawv. Nrog nws cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem kho kom zoo nkauj hauv pem teb thiab phab ntsa hauv chav dej, da dej, thiab txawm ua tiav pob zeb hauv pas dej. Hauv chav ua noj, nws yog feem ntau siv los dai chav ua mov apron, countertops. Cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem siv los kho cov niches, cov ntawv txhua, dai qhov cub ntawm qhov cub, thiab lwm cov ntsiab lus hauv architectural.
Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, ntau cov khoom siv tau siv rau kev tsim cov vuas mosaic. Lawv txhua tus ntawm nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv nta. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab txog cov ntau yam uas twb muaj lawm, kom muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov khoom hauv nqe lus nug, peb yuav nyob hauv ntau qhov tseeb ntawm cov hom loj.
Iav
Kev nplua-nplua-xuab zeb dawb yog siv rau kev tsim cov mosaics. Thaum lub caij sov txog li 14000Nrog thiab saum toj no nws hloov mus rau hauv lub khob ua kua iav loj, uas tau hliv rau hauv cov qauv pwm txij li 10 txog 50 mm². Iav yog ntau zaus muaj zog dua li niaj zaus, nws tuaj yeem pob tshab, xim, matte, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog décor. Txhawm rau muab nws ib qho ntxoov ntxoo, cov ntxhia ntxhia tau ntxiv rau cov kua muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Smalt tuaj yeem muaj kev sib txawv ua ke. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog tib lub iav ua siv cov tshuab tshwj xeeb smelting nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm hlau hlau. Muaj ntau hom smalt: pob tshab, npub lossis opal, sinewy thiab pom, kub thiab nyiaj. Yog tias thawj peb subspecies tau los ntawm kev ntxiv dyes thiab damping tus neeg sawv cev rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, tom qab ntawd ntawv ci yog siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom tom qab.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov paib:
- durability;
- yooj yim saib xyuas;
- kev puag ncig ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom siv;
- inertness rau pwm thiab pwm;
- tsim kom zoo saib;
- kub ua hauj;
- cuam tshuam;
- dej tsis kam;
- frost tsis kam.
Qhov tsis zoo:
- tus nqi siab;
- complex styling;
- tsis taus;
- nplua nplaim teb.
Tsom iav
Mosaic yog ib hom iav. Muaj cov kev xaiv ob qho tib si tsau rau ntawm daim phiaj thiab muag hauv ntau. Txhawm rau tau txais daim iav ua haujlwm, daim txhuam cev lossis amalgam (cov xim zoo nkauj ua los ntawm cov nyiaj thiab cov mercury) yog siv rau sab nraum qab ntawm daim hlau. Zoo li iav zoo tib yam, hom pobzeb no muaj qhov zoo tib yam, thiab tseem tso cai rau koj kom pom lub chav hauv chav, sau nws nrog lub teeb, thiab zais qhov tsis sib xws ntawm sab.
Hauv qab ntawm dej noo, alkalis, thiab lwm cov kuab tshuaj organic, iav txheej yuav tarnish lossis tsaus ntuj, uas yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv ntxiv. Lub txheej kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev kho tshuab kev ntxhov siab, yog li ntawd, kev teeb tsa ntawm daim hlau yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau cov nplaum. Nws raug nquahu kom xaiv cov tshuaj pleev xim dawb tsis ua rau tsis txhob ntxeem thaum ua cov txheej txheem solidification.
Pob zeb
Pob zeb yog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb uas muaj cov xim qub, qauv, qauv. Muaj ntau qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov vuas zeb, tab sis qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog ua raws li kev yug menyuam:
- Zoo zoo nkauj thiab semi-precious. Pob zeb diamond, rubies, emeralds, spinels, lwm tus. Lawv tsis tshua muaj siv, feem ntau rau dai vases, caskets, thiab lwm yam khoom me.
- Ua Ntej. Serpentine, malachite, jasper, agate, thiab lwm hom nrog cov xim qaim thiab cov qauv yam ntxwv.
- Tiav. Marble, granite, basalt. Cov tsiaj txhu uas nrov tshaj plaws muaj tus nqi pheej yig.
- Yooj yim (lim hiam). Peb xuab zeb, pob zeb xuab zeb, tuff.
- Dag. Nws yog ua raws li cov plooj (porcelain stoneware), tsim tawm nyob rau hauv tus neeg ntawm siab kub ntawm xovxwm hmoov.
Ntawm cov kev zoo tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv, ib qho tuaj yeem tawm ntawm nws cov kav ntev, yog li ntawd, qhov vaj huam sib luag ib zaug yuav nyob ntev dua kaum xyoo. Lub pob zeb tsis yog ntshai ntawm deformation, tiv taus kev ua pob zeb, tuaj yeem tiv taus cov neeg kho tshuab kev ntxhov siab, thiab yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev saib xyuas. Nws yog tus cwj pwm txawv ntawm ntau yam duab thiab duab ntxoo. Tab sis, txawm hais tias txhua yam lawv tau ua zoo, lub hlwb muaj qhov hnyav thiab kim.
Tej hub los sis cov ntaub
Ntawm cov khoom siv ntau yam khoom siv hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj, mosaic yog ib qho ntawm cov muaj txiaj ntsig thiab dav. Siv cov khoom me me, koj tuaj yeem tsim tag nrho cov duab. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog tib lub pobzeb ceramic, tab sis hauv daim ntawv txo qis. Cov paib me me kom tiav tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov nplais, txhua tus, lawv muaj yuav luag zoo tib yam thiab ua haujlwm zoo.
Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm cov khoom no suav nrog:
- Lub zog siab. Mosaic cov nplais pob zeb yog cov tshuaj tiv taus, tsis ntshai kev ntxhov siab, tshuab kev puas tsuaj. Tsis zoo li cov vuas luaj li qub, nws tsis cais thaum cov khoom hnyav ntaus tus nplaim.
- Tsis tshua muaj kab. Vim tias qhov loj ntawm cov seams, nws tsis plam txawm tias thaum ya raws rau ntawm qhov chaw.
- Txaus nyiam tsos. Nws yog tus cwj pwm txawv ntawm cov xim sib txawv, ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab qauv duab.
- Kuj rau ya raws, ntsuas kub tshaj.
- Kub ua hauj.
- Kev tu yooj yim. Nws yog txaus kom tsis tseg ib ntus ua ntub dej ntxuav ntawm qhov chaw nrog daim txhuam cev.
Ntawm cov kev tsis sib xws, ib qho tuaj yeem tawm ib qho nqi ntau dua piv rau cov nplais txheem. Lub mosaic xav tau ntau dua ntawm lub dav hlau uas nws tau tso thiab yuav tsum npaj kom zoo. Ntau grout siv rau grouting. Lub sijhawm rau tso cov khoom me me yog qhov nce siab.
Kev xaiv ntawm cov nplaum rau cov vuas mosaic
Tso cov mosaic tau yooj yim nrog koj tus kheej tes. Tsis hais txog ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev teeb tsa thiab kev xaiv thev naus laus zis, kev npaj siab ntawm lub hauv paus, txoj kev xaiv kom raug ntawm cov nplaum ua ke yog qhov tsim nyog. Koj tuaj yeem muab cov mosaic ntawm ib qho nplaum tsim nyog rau cov pobzeb. Tab sis thaum xaiv qee hom kev sib xyaw, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub npoo thiab nws cov nta. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no feem ntau siv rau gluing mosaic hais:
- Cement nplaum. Muaj tus nqi qis tshaj hauv kev sib piv nrog lwm cov qauv. Cov neeg tsim khoom tsim cov khoom sib xyaw xim dawb lossis grey ntim hauv 20-30 kg hnab. Cov nkauj muaj xws li cov cement, sand, gypsum, alabaster, cov tub puv thiab cov yas. Cov nplais nplaum yog diluted nrog dej lossis kua ua kua, siv rau daim ntawv thov rau av ci, pob zeb ua pob zeb.
- Kev sib cais. Muag npaj-tsim hauv txhab nyiaj. Cov nkauj muaj suav nrog dej, ntxhia hauv cov khoom ua si, acrylic ntxiv. Cov pasty loj yog kim tshaj li cov cement loj, tab sis qhov yooj yim ntawm nws daim ntawv thov them rau qhov kev tsis zoo no. Nws yuav siv 30 feeb los ua kom tiav cov nyom. Lub sijhawm no, txoj haujlwm ntawm cov nplais mosaic tuaj yeem hloov kho. Qhov seem ntawm cov dej sib tov tuaj yeem khaws cia ntev ntev hauv lub thawv ntim airtight.
- Ob-tivthaiv nplaum. Lub siab muaj zog sib xyaw muaj cov epoxy resin thiab tawv. Cov khoom siv haum rau gluing mosaics rau cov chaw du (marble, iav, yas, hlau). Mosaic phab ntsa cladding siv ob qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog ua tiav hauv chav dej, pas dej ua ke, chav ua noj, da dej.
Txheej tshuab
Koj tuaj yeem lo cov mosaic koj tus kheej tsuas yog nyob ntawm lub hauv paus uas tau txiav txim siab ua ntej. Txhawm rau tsis pom kev tsis sib xws, putty yog siv nrog lub zog txhawb lossis daim ntawv interlayer. Tsuas yog tus kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem ua tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj. Xam qhov tseeb nrug ntawm daim me me yog qhov nyuaj heev. Thaum txhim kho, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau cov kws ua yeeb yam pib siv cov mosaic canvas tshwj xeeb nrog tus qauv ua ntej.
Xam ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov kua nplaum thiab mosaic
Thaum nqa tawm kev kho mob ntawm lawv tus kheej, ntau tus kws kho tshiab tau tuaj yuav cov nplais nplaum uas tsis suav ua ntej ntawm nws cov nyiaj. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom yuav tsum tau yuav khoom ntxiv rau hauv lossis cov khoom seem tshuav yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg. Kev noj cov kua nplaum nyob ntawm ntau yam - nws hom, qhov loj me ntawm cov ntsiab lus mosaic, txheej txheej txheej, kev tsim nyog ntawm tus tswv.
Txhawm rau kom paub cov kua nplaum ntau npaum li cas koj xav tau rau 1 m2, ob peb txoj kev suav txheej tuaj yeem siv tau. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog siv lub laij lej tsis siv neeg. Hauv qee thaj teb, koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, lawv qhov ntau thiab tos rau cov txiaj ntsig yuav tshwm ntawm qhov screen. Txawm hais tias qhov yooj yim ntawm kev siv thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo, cov qauv no tsis ntseeg tau, vim tias cov kev suav yuav raug kwv yees.
Tom qab tus qauv tsim ntawm cov khoom siv ntsej muag tau txiav txim siab, koj tuaj yeem pib laij nws cov nyiaj. Yog tias cov vuas luaj plaub fab, siv cov mis yooj yim tuaj yeem siv. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum ntsuas qhov cheeb tsam ntawm thaj chaw ua haujlwm. Tom qab ntawd txiav txim xyuas thaj tsam ntawm ib pobzeb caij. Tam sim no peb faib lub hauv paus loj los ntawm qhov loj ntawm ib ntu thiab tau txais cov naj npawb uas yuav tsum tau.
Kev suav ntawm kev sib xyaw rau kev tso yog tau coj tawm mus rau hauv tus account yam khoom ntsej muag. Rau lub teeb vuas, ib txheej txheej ntawm 2-10 hli yog txaus. Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau kev twv hnyav dua cov ntoo ceramics ntawm cov sib tov nteg hauv txheej txheej li 15-20 hli. Nws yog ua tau kom nce rau qhov ntsuas no yog tias kev tso ua tiav ntawm ib qho chaw nrog qhov xwm txheej tsis xwm yeem.
Yog tias cov lus pom zoo tuab ntawm cov kua nplaum xav tau ntau tshaj li qhov sib xyaw, cov khoom sib tov yuav qhuav ntev. Nrog rau txoj kab tuav ntsug, txhua yam lossis qee qhov ntawm cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem hloov mus.
Cov cuab yeej xav tau thiab cov ntaub ntawv
Lub mosaic yog pib glued rau ib qho qauv tshwj xeeb hauv daim ntawv ntawm kab sib chaws lossis ib daim ntawv ci. Lub canable canable yuav mam li yooj yim hloov mus rau txhua qhov chaw. Nws tuaj yeem txiav nrog txiab lossis ib rab riam, thiab tuaj yeem tsim rau ib lub duab zoo li cas. Cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv thiab cov cuab yeej xav tau rau tso cov mosaic qhov:
- Primer. Txhawm rau dai chav dej lossis chav ua noj, koj yuav xav tau cov khoom siv dej tsis zoo;
- Cov nplaum rau tshwj xeeb hom mosaics thiab nto;
- Grout rau cov pob qij txha;
- Cov ntawv cim tsho tsis muaj ceg rau thov thov cov nplaum;
- Theem theem tiaj tiaj;
- Roj hmab trowel rau grouting;
- Sandpaper rau kev sib tsoo;
- Lub khaub hlab twg kom tshem cov tau siv.
Kev npaj rau phab ntsa
Feem ntau cov feem ntau, muaj cov hauv paus nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov cement-sand screed. Tsawg tsawg dua, thaj chaw rau kev tso yog txiav cov yas lossis phab ntsa ntub dej. Tsis hais txog kev xaiv cov lus xaiv, kev ua tib zoo npaj ntawm cov phab ntsa yog qhov tsim nyog. Cov nplaim yuav tsum yog tiaj, pub dawb los ntawm potholes thiab tawg.
Thaum lub sijhawm npaj ua haujlwm, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov phab ntsa hauv cov plua plav thiab cov av. Tom qab ntawd lub phab ntsa raug ntxuav thiab primed. Yog tias lawv tau sheathed nrog phab ntsa ntub dej, koj yuav tsum kaw cov nqaws thiab nkaum lub kaus mom ntawm cov ntsia hlau. Thaum cov nplaum-kev txhim kho cov txheej kom qhuav, koj tuaj yeem pib tso.
Cov kua nplaum thov thiab mosaic installation
Txhawm rau ua kom cov mosaic module ntawm qhov chaw ntsug, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nqa cov kua nplaum mus rau qhov xav tau qhov sib xws. Kev sib xyaw yog thov nrog cov spatula yooj yim, zoo li puttying, los ntawm kaum. Thaum saum npoo yog npaj rau ob peb lub ntsej muag, nws yuav tsum dhau los ntawm daim ntab tsis tso ntxiv. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov cwj nrag hauv qhov no tsis txawv. Kev daws teeb meem ntau yog pauv mus rau ib sab ntu ntawm phab ntsa.
Muaj ob hom ntawm mosaic thaub qab - daim ntawv thaub qab thiab cov thaub qab thaub qab. Txhua qhov radically sib txawv hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lo cov khoom. Hauv thawj kis, cov ntu ua leaned tawm tsam cov nplaum, thiab cov ntawv nyob sab nraud. Hauv qhov thib ob, lub mesh ua ke nrog cov mosaic ruaj ruaj tso ntawm kua nplaum.
Grouting - xov
Cov khoom tsis zoo txaus grout tuaj yeem yooj yim rhuav tshem cov duab ntawm lub mosaic. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov no tshwm sim, ua ntej thov pleev xim dawb lossis dawb sib tov, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ntxuav cov nplais ntu ntawm hmoov av, tshem tawm cov kua nplaum lo ntawm qhov nqaws.
Qhov grout yuav ua tau raws cov cement lossis epoxy raws. Thaum xaiv, ib qho yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm tus neeg yam. Kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum tau muab rau cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm lub mosaic, qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg, kev cuam tshuam thermal. Koj kuj yuav tsum txiav txim siab txog qhov tob thiab dav ntawm lub seam. Cov grout yuav tsum sib phim rau lub mosaic lossis tsaus me ntsis.
Nws muaj peev xwm los zom cov nqaws tsuas yog tom qab glued mosaic tau qhuav tas. Tsawg kawg 24 teev yuav tsum dhau. Yog tias tsis ua raws li txoj cai no, yuav muaj ib qho tsis huv rau ntawm thaj chaw kho.
Xaus
Mosaic cladding yog qhov zoo rau cov chav nrog cov av noo. Ib qho txawv txav, siv tau yuav haum rau txhua yam sab hauv. Vim muaj ntau yam xim, khoom siv thiab textures, hom kev ua tiav no dhau los ua neeg. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau lo lub mosaic ntawm txhua hom saum npoo, txawm tias ntawm cov convex thiab curved nto. Tom qab saib cov tutorial video los yog daim duab, txawm tias ib tug niam txiv novice tuaj yeem tiv cov kev ua haujlwm ib kauj ruam dhau los.
