Lo lus "stained iav" tam sim ntawd muab cov duab ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov rai nruab nrab ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm European architecture - Gothic cathedrals. Xa cov duab tshav ntuj, sau qhov chaw sab hauv nrog kev ua si ntawm cov xim, cov iav zoo nkauj zoo nkauj tau pleev xim lub pob zeb txias ntawm cov tuam tsev nrog cov xim zoo nkauj.
Qhov khoom ua kom zoo nkauj no tau ib txwm kim vim yog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus tswv, qhov nyuaj ntawm kev xaiv ntawm cov tawg tsam, lub sijhawm ua cov txheej txheem ntawm kev koom nrog thiab soldering. Niaj hnub no, cov xim xaum-iav qhov rais hauv sab hauv yog muaj rau txhua tus neeg uas xav tau ntxiv qhov kov ntawm qhov tsis sib xws rau qhov tsim ntawm lawv lub tsev. Ua tsaug rau cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no, lawv cov khoom tau dhau los ua tau yooj yim dua, thiab ua raws, uas tsis muaj dab tsi qis dua hauv kev cuam tshuam rau kev pom zoo rau cov chav ua yeeb yam dhau los, pheej yig dua.
Antiquity thiab modernity: cov hom tsuas iav
Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau cov xim kub-iav qhov rais sib txawv raws li lawv tau ua:
- cov lus sib xyaw ntawm cov xim iav tawg feem txuas nrog los ntawm cov hlua hlau;
- fusing ntawm cov iav dawb lias mus rau lub hauv paus;
- zaj duab xis stained iav hla cov iav khoom;
- pleev xim (sau) tsuas iav: tom qab kos cov contour, lub pob tshab xim yog npog nrog cov xim pleev xim, qhov tshwm sim yog ib qho kev kos duab uas theej cov thawj txheej txheem iav txheej txheem.
Ib qho iav dub dawb lub qhov rai yog ib txwm tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog tus kws kos duab tsim hauv ib daim ntawv, nws tsis yooj yim sua kom txhaws nws zoo li silicone pwm. Cov kev xaiv niaj hnub uas qog cov xim iav sib xyaw los ntawm gluing pob tshab xim cov xim mus rau lub hauv paus, lossis los ntawm kev thov pleev xim txheej thiab ciam teb (cov qauv ntawm cov hlua hlau) tuaj yeem tso rau hauv kwj. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv uas cuam tshuam rau tus nqi thiab kev tsim txuj ci ntawm cov iav vaj huam sib luag.
Seamless tsuas iav: iav tsis txiav, tab sis yaj
Seamless stained-glass lub qhov rais yog tsim los ntawm kev kub ceev ua qauv ntawm cov qauv los ntawm cov xim tawg me me uas tau muab tso rau ntawm daim iav iav. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib leeg ntawm ib txheej yuav siv sijhawm, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom kub, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txais cov xim-iav ntab ntawm ntau qhov ntev ntawm lub zog txaus. Muaj ntau ntau cov txuj ci siv los tsim cov hom stained iav no. Lawv sib txawv hauv cov hlau siv rau qhov nkhaus lossis nws qhov qhaj, thiab nrog kev pab ntawm etching (kho cov kua qaub ntawm thaj chaw sib txawv raws li cov qauv ntawv kos duab), nws tuaj yeem tsim qauv los ntawm matte thiab pob tshab ntawm ntau qhov tob. Siv tus txheej txheem etching, koj tuaj yeem tsim lub tsev zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb rau koj lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes, qhov tseem ceeb yog ua raws txoj cai kev nyab xeeb.
Tsuas Kiag Li Cov Hauv Paus Iwm: Cov Neeg Lom Zem Uas Zoo
Stained-iav qhov rai - koom nrog lub khob los ntawm kev nkag rau nws rau hauv ib qho hlau thaiv thiab tom qab ntawd soldering. Nws yog txoj hauv kev no lub qhov rais iav stained uas adorn castles thiab medieval pawg ntseeg tau ua. Qhov no yog qhov qub tshaj plaws, siv zog ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis, uas nws muaj nws qhov tsis zoo thaum tsim thiab txhim kho:
- kev txiav ua ntej ntawm cov tsom iav uas yuav tsum muaj qhov ntev;
- qhov xav tau txig ntawm cov hlau (txhuas) cov hlua khi thiab iav tawg;
- qhov dav tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab H-puab tus kheej;
- hnyav hnyav;
- impossibility ntawm kev tsim ib puag ncig puag ncig (tsuas yog cov khoom tiaj tiaj).
Cov hom hloov kho tshiab-iav qhov rai yog cov khoom tsim nyob hauv American tiffany txheej txheem. Nws yog ib qho muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov iav xim dawb sib xyaw, sib sau ua ib zaug xwb nrog tooj liab xev thiab tin soldering. Qhov tsis lees txais ntawm txoj hlua khi nruj tso cai rau koj siv qhov tawg ntawm qhov me me, tsim cov duab-convex-concave, rov ua cov kab sib dhos ntawm cov kab kos.
Embossed tsuas-iav qhov rais: ntim ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb
Thaum txhim kho qhov project rau kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv, kho kom zoo nkauj rooj tog, rooj tog vaj tog tsev, i.e. cov khoom uas muaj ntau dua nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm cov tswv tsev, kev siv kev ua qias tuaj-iav qhov rais yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog. Kev tsim cov ntim ntxiv tso cai rau txhua qhov kev ua kom zoo nkauj los ua "lub thawv nrog qhov zais ntshis": lub ntsej muag tau pom qhov sib txawv nyob ntawm seb lub sijhawm nruab hnub, cov teeb pom kev dav dav, thiab nyiam cov xim.
Tau txais cov xim tsuas iav nyob hauv 2 kis:
- thaum chamfering (facet) raws puag ncig ntawm cov iav ntsiab;
- thaum siv volumetric, ntsej muag, iav polished nkag rau hauv dav hlau dav dav ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Kev txiav coj cov iav zoo tib yam los ze zog rau hauv qhov zoo li lub pob zeb muaj nuj nqis, lub ntsej muag ci los ntawm txhua lub teeb ci, tus ciam tooj liab ntxiv rau qhov kub thiab qhov rooj tog twg los ua lub qhov rooj rau Aladdin cov khoom muaj nqis.
Zaj duab xis version ntawm cov iav stained: ntau tus nqi pheej yig, kev lag luam yooj yim dua, kev lag luam yooj yim dua
Qhov yooj yim hais txog kev tsim khoom thev naus laus zis yog iav tsuas yog iav, tab sis nws zoo li tsis muaj qhov phem dua li kev ua kom zoo tiag tiag. Tus kws ua haujlwm hauv tsev tuaj yeem ua cov khoom ua si zoo nkauj no nrog nws tus kheej tes siv daim kab xev nplaum. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem yog: kev txhim kho ntawm daim duab, coj mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem, ua tib zoo npaj lub ntsej muag, qhov tseeb thaum thov cov xim tawg, thaum nws hais txog cov tib neeg ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zaj dab neeg tau tawm mus ntxiv rau txoj hauv kev los pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm "DIY" - lawv muab cov kev npaj txhij-tsim nws tus kheej-nplaum kos duab ua ntau yam. Qhov zoo ntawm cov xim tsuas iav zaj duab xis yog pom tseeb: nws tsis ploj hauv qab ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob, nws muaj peev xwm los tiv thaiv cov tsev neeg thaum muaj kev sib tsoo iav txaws, cov tswv yim ua kom cov nyhuv ntawm cov iav tsuas iav, thiab tuaj yeem hloov tau yooj yim yog tias daim duab zoo li tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam tom qab ib ntus.
Tsuas iav nyob rau sab hauv: kev ncig xyuas ntawm cov khoom yeej
Niaj hnub no, tsuas iav tshuab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim ob qho tib si kev coj ntawm cov khoom qub thiab cov duab qub niaj hnub uas tuaj yeem dhau los ua kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Qhov prerogative ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom yog txiav txim siab ntawm hom, qhov so yuav ua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij.
| Qauv | Gothic | Niaj hnub | Tiffany | Niaj hnub nimno classic | Tsawg heev |
| Thawj xim | Suab xim nrov: xiav, ntshav liab, Emerald, daj | Mint, cobalt, milky hlaws, paj yeeb, paj yeeb | Cov duab muag muag: lub caij nplooj zeeg daj, txiv kab ntxwv, muted hav nyom, xim av, xiav | Xim txawv yog infinitely txhab ua tsaug rau cov khoom sib ntxiv | Monochrome lossis sib piv |
| Cov yam ntxwv sib txawv | Cov hlua khi, iav tawg ntawm cov duab geometric | Cov kab du, kev siv cov nplaim paj ornaments (irises, poppies, lotuses, ivy) | Cov duab hloov mus ncig, nthuav dav, tsom iav tshwj xeeb "opal" | Muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib xyaw nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv, tsis txwv hauv qhov ntsuas, tsis muaj braids | Ntse kab, loj xim tawv nqaij |
| Piv txwv li cov ntawv thov | Volumetric muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov qhov rai, cov qhov rooj nplooj puv | Sab hauv partitions, glazing ntawm qhov rais transoms | Lampshades, chandeliers, qab nthab ntxoov, vases, thawv, tais | Phab ntsa partitions, phab ntsa ntawm da dej cabins | Sab hauv cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj, cov teeb ci tawg, cov phab ntsa nkag |
Tsuas iav qhov rai: txhua yam tom qab lub iav hloov xim
Nyob ntawm cov txuj ci ua yeeb yam thiab cov nplai ntawm glazing, tsuas-iav qhov rais tuaj yeem npog cov qhov rai qhib tag los yog dai ib feem ntawm lawv. Cov neeg tsim qauv sab hauv pom zoo kom ua kom sib haum iav qauv nrog cov ntsiab ntawm inlaid parquet thaum xaiv kev ua tiav ntawm chav, txhim kho qhov kev xav ua kom pom tseeb. Lub volumetric stained-iav panels nyob hauv lub teb chaws tsev nrog lub teeb thib ob zoo tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws - lub hnub duab tshav nkag mus rau kaleidoscope ntawm tawg tsam, kev ua si zoo nkauj ntawm lub teeb thiab xim tau tsim, uas ua rau sab hauv ntawm chav loj tshwj xeeb.
Txhawm rau qhia qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los siv cov duab xim volumetric, cov ntawv me me zoo ib yam li Harlequin khaub ncaws, uas yuav zuaj qhov chaw loj.
Lub khob iav khov kho qhov rooj coj mus rau ib tus dab neeg
Cov lus tso cai ua los ntawm cov iav pleev xim tuaj yeem kho qhov rooj ntawm qhov qub thiab niaj hnub tsim qauv, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog cov qauv. Glazing qhib kev xaiv:
- tsawg heev (nqaim ntev ntxig);
- siab tshaj plaws (tag nrho iav qhov rooj);
- nrab (saum toj ntawm nplooj ntoo qhov rooj, ib nrab ntawm nws, qhov tseem ceeb).
Lub iav qhov rooj nplooj uas tsis muaj lub hauv paus ruaj khov tuaj yeem tsuas yog tig tau rau hauv txoj kev sib khi ntawm lub ntsej muag, xuab zeb, zaj duab xis tsuas iav qhov rai lossis ib qho version nrog pleev xim, ntawm no cov qauv tseem ceeb yog kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev siv. Tab sis lub qhov rooj classic yuav tiv taus ib qho kev xaiv twg - nws lub zog lub zog yog qhov txaus rau ib hom-teev tsuas iav txheej.
Tsuas iav iav ntu tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov kho kom zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tsev loj - ob lub qhov rooj hinged mounted rau hauv phab ntsa nrog iav ntxig. Cov qauv no yooj yim ua ke ob peb chav, tsim kom muaj chav tsev kom tau txais coob tus qhua.
Stained iav qab nthab
Kev hloov kho tshiab niaj hnub ntawm lub qhov rais-tsuas yog lub teeb thiab lub sijhawm ruaj, uas tso cai rau lawv tsis tsuas yog ua kev qhib qhib rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntsug ntawm lub tsev nrog lawv, tab sis kuj tseem yuav txuas rau cov tav toj. Hloov ntawm feem ntau siv qab nthab stucco moulding nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog ib tug cascade chandelier, tsuas-iav qab nthab glazing yog ua tau, uas yuav hais txog ib tug muab style ntawm sab hauv.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog pom tseeb:
- Cov khoom hluav taws xob zais zais;
- Cov xaim hluav taws xob raug tshem tawm ntawm lub qab nthab loj thiab zoo nkauj;
- Qhov siab ntawm chav tsev txo qis me ntsis;
- Muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov sib txawv ntawm cov iav muaj pes tsawg leeg, tsim kom muaj ob peb yam hloov ntawm daim duab hloov chaw;
- Qhov kev xaiv ntawm daim duab tsuas iav kom haum rau cov lus qhia nyob sab hauv.
Hniav ntsiab lus hauv cov txheej txheem iav tsuas: nrog lub teeb
Daim iav-iav qhov rais ntawm "flaming Gothic" ntsia zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thaum lub hnub nkag rau hauv thaj chaw, thiab cov xim ntshiab tau txais ua tsaug rau ntuj dyes ci thiab txaus siab nrog lawv lub siab. Niaj hnub no, txhua hom teeb pom kev zoo nrig hluav taws xob tuaj yeem siv, tsim lub teeb ci ntsa iab uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov kev muab dai kom zoo nkauj.
Hluav taws xob tso cai koj tso qhov muag pleev kom pom cov iav pleev xim rau qhov chaw uas tsis muaj lub teeb ci ntuj (txoj kev hauv tsev, txoj kev hauv tsev). Phab ntsa cov kab uas muaj ntsej muag ci ntsa iab tsim cov duab ci ntsa iab ntawm lub hnub ci, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
Lub rooj noj mov, qhov twg daim ntaub-iav ntab yog thav duab los ntawm ntoo, tuaj yeem dhau los ua lub suab luag zoo nkauj ntawm chav noj mov. Backlighting kuj tseem nyob ntawm no, tso cai rau koj kom pom txhua yam kev nplua nuj ntawm cov xim nplua nuj. Daim duab hluav taws kub tshuaj ntsuam, sib txuas ntawm cov hlau thiab pleev xim rau iav, yuav ntxiv cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam rau cov huab cua ntawm chav nyob.
Kev siv ntawm cov iav tsuas siv hauv rooj tog: antiques thiab nyeem niaj hnub
Cov khoom siv rooj tog nrog cov ntawv ntab iav ntxig yuav tsim nyog rau hauv chav nyob hauv tsev: chav ua noj, chav pw, chav noj mov, chav nyob. Qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov lawv phim rau sab hauv.
- Cov chaw dai khoom, cov ntaub pua chaw, cov chaw ib sab yuav tso cov lus teeb, iav thiab siv lead ua qab qhov rooj-iav qhov rooj;
- Ib lub chiffonier, qhov twg hauv nruab nrab lub qhov rooj muaj qhov tsuas iav nkag, thiab cov sab nraud tau ua los ntawm cov ntoo zoo, yuav dai kom zoo nkauj chav pw loj;
- Daim iav lo av-xim, muaj cov vaj huam sib luag los yog dai kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov iav dawb lias nyob rau sab saud, yuav cais cov chaw ua si hauv chaw ua yeeb yaj kiab me me;
- Lub ntsej muag ntawm cov ncauj lus sab saud ntawm chav ua mov teeb, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov iav-iav qhov rais, ntxiv qhov kov ntawm cozy antiquity rau qhov chaw ntawm chav ua noj.
Muaj kev xaiv rau lub mloog pob ntseg nrog cov xim ntsej muag iav ntsej muag, nco ntsoov tias cov pobzeb apron saum cov chaw ua haujlwm yog qhov nruab nrab thiab tsis cuam tshuam cov xim ntawm lub suab sib luag.
Kev xaiv yog los ntawm kev muaj tiag
Tus tsim qauv muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab seb qhov twg version ntawm tsuas iav décor yog qhov tsim nyog rau chav tsev uas twb muaj lawm, tab sis lo lus kawg yog rau cov neeg uas yuav nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov xim iav. Yog hais tias lub teb chaws lub tsev zoo li lub tsev fuabtais, siv cov classic hom teeb cov iav qhov rai. Yog tias koj xav tau cov iav zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, thiab cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tsiaj frolic hauv chav tsev, nres ntawm cov qauv analog. Nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm qhov chaw nyob, kho kom zoo nkauj hauv koj lub tsev nrog ntau cov khoom siv siv cov xim iav thev naus laus zis. Kev zoo siab ntawm overflowing ci xim thiab lub teeb yog lav nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub.
